Is the Durupınar formation near Mount Ararat really Noah’s Ark?

The boat-shaped Durupinar formation in a grassy valley near Mount Ararat, Turkey

No. Geologists who have examined the Durupınar formation, a boat-shaped mound near Doğubayazıt in eastern Turkey about 27 kilometers (17 miles) southwest of Mount Ararat, have concluded it is a natural rock structure, not the fossilized remains of Noah’s Ark. Retired California State University Northridge geology professor Lorence G. Collins found that the supposed “petrified … Read more

What are metazoans?

A collage of animals including a frog, owl, tiger, spider, snail, sea turtle, bee, fish, monkey, sawfish and butterfly

Metazoans are animals: Metazoa is the scientific name for multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the kingdom Animalia, from sponges and jellyfish to insects and vertebrates.

What are mental maps?

World map geographical (CC0 Natural Earth / naturalearthdata.com via Wikimedia Commons)

A mental map is a person’s internalized representation of places and spatial relationships — from a familiar neighborhood layout to a rough picture of continents and oceans. It mixes objective geographic knowledge with subjective impressions, estimates of size and distance, and attitudes about places. People use mental maps to organize, recall, and navigate the world, … Read more

Why do phone keypads put 1-2-3 on top when calculators put 7-8-9 on top?

Green Western Electric WE 1500 push-button telephone with 1-2-3 keys on the top row

The phone layout came from user testing at Bell Labs before Touch-Tone dialing was introduced. In a July 1960 Bell System Technical Journal study, R. L. Deininger compared 16 pushbutton arrangements and found that the layout used on ten-key adding machines, the 7-8-9-on-top order that calculators still follow, was not the best performer; the same grid … Read more